What Is Ephedrine?.
EPHEDRINE AMPLES 50MG X 1ML X 100.
Ephedrine stimulates the central nervous system, acts as a bronchodilator and thus treats breathing problems, nasal congestion, orthostatic hypotension, or myasthenia gravis. Ephedrine is also used to treat the conditions characterized by increased tendency to sleep (narcolepsy), dysmenorrhea, or urine-control problems.
DESCRIPTION:-
Ephedrine sulfate is an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist and releases norepinephrine. Its injection is a clear, colorless, sterile solution given intravenously. Composition of 1 ml:- Each 50 mg ephedrine sulfate in water. The pH range is 4.5 to 7.0.
Pharmacodynamics:-
Ephedrine invigorates heart rate and cardiac output and leads to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance; thus acts as a hypertensive. Since it is an alpha beta adrenergic agonist , it stimulates the α-adrenergic receptors of smooth muscle cells present in the urinary bladder which increase the resistance to the outflow of urine making micturition difficult. As a beta adrenergic agonist, it activates ß-adrenergic receptors in the lungs and promotes bronchodilation.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
For Treatment of hypotension developing during anesthesia: Bolus intravenous injection: 5 to 10 mg, don’t exceed to 50 mg. Dilute before use.
INDICATIONS & USAGE:-
- Ephedrine sulfate injection is used for the treatment of hypotension developing during anesthesia.
- This Injection is also used in the treatment of allergic disorders, such as bronchial asthma.
- The drug has long been used to elevate the arterial blood pressure, especially when anesthesia is given in the spine when hypotension frequently occurs.
- It acts as a central nervous system stimulant in narcolepsy (a condition in which a person feels like sleeping most of the time) and depressive states.
- It is also used in myasthenia gravis.
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
- Pressor Effect along with Oxytocic Drugs:- postpartum hypertension has been observed in patients who received both a vasopressor (i.e. ephedrine) and an oxytocic (i.e., methylergonovine). Not only this but some patients also suffered from stroke.
- Tolerance and desensitization :- Repeated administration of ephedrine can result in less sensitivity towards that drug.
- Increased Risk of Hypertension When Used Prophylactically.
ADVERSE REACTIONS.
- Gastrointestinal disorders: Nausea, vomiting, gastritis, gastroenteritis, ulcers, xerostomia.
- Cardiac disorders: Tachycardia, palpitations (thumping heart),hypertension.
- Nervous system disorders: Dizziness, headache, neuralgia , weakness, nervousness, anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia , disturbed patterns of sleep.
- Urinary disorders: It may cause urinary retention thus making micturition difficult.
- Hypersensitivity reactions: rashes, itching, urticaria, edema etc.
- Psychiatric effects: depression , mania, psychosis and other mental health disorders.
- Dependence and abuse: increased alertness and energy.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: EPHEDRINE AMPLES 50MG X 1ML X 100.
- Clonidine, oxytocin and oxytocin drugs:- They potentiate the pressor effect of the drug.
- Reserpine, quinidine, mephentermine:- These are alpha and beta adrenergic antagonists thus keep monitoring the blood pressure
- Guanethidine: Produces neuron blockade which is stopped or hindered by ephedrine ,resulting in loss of antihypertensive effectiveness.
- Rocuronium: Ephedrine delays the onset of action of neuromuscular blockade caused by rocuronium.
Mechanism of Action: EPHEDRINE AMPLES 50MG X 1ML X 100.
Ephedrine sulfate is an agonist at α- and ß adrenergic receptors and indirectly causes the release of noradrenaline from sympathetic neurons. It induces pressor effects by direct alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor activation causing an increase in arterial pressures, cardiac output, and peripheral vascular resistance.
Storage: EPHEDRINE AMPLES 50MG X 1ML X 100.
Temperature :- 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F), with excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
Protect from light.
Store in carton until time of use.
For single use only.
